Assessment of Soil health is critical in evaluating the capacity and potentials of soils to provide the required ecosystem functions and services that support environmental sustainability, food security, climate regulation and human well-being. This study provides an up-to-date overview of the frameworks and key considerations involved in the selection of Soil Health Indicators (SHIs) for soil health assessment and evaluation. SHIs are physical, chemical, and biological parameters that describe soil condition and its ability to support ecosystem services, environmental quality, and human health. They play essential roles in making informed policy decisions, management practices and interventions Therefore, the selection of these SHIs is critical as they should serve specific objective(s), notably, targeted at reflecting the condition or performance of the soil’s capacity to provide specific functions or ecosystem services. These issues further highlight the need for careful selection and potential aggregation of these indicators in guiding future policy decisions and improving sustainable environmental practices short and long term. Four distinct frameworks for selecting and evaluating SHIs are identified and critically examined, highlighting their role as standard benchmarks and value frameworks for soil quality assessment. This study also addressed the importance of establishing reliable thresholds and assessment approaches to evaluate soil capacity in delivering essential ecosystem functions, including nutrient cycling, climate change mitigation, and sustainable food production. Because of the increasing importance of soils in achieving sustainable development goals, robust, transparent, and efficient monitoring systems are necessary to assess changes in soil condition over time. Effective soil health assessment provides critical information for informing land management decisions and ensuring that soils continue to deliver the ecosystem services necessary for environmental and societal well-being.