The use of traditional tillage as a management tool for agricultural soils is a technique that can negatively influence soil quality due to erosion and the loss of organic carbon (SOC), nutrients, and biodiversity. The use of cover crops (CC) can increase the SOC and produces a cascade of benefits in soil structure, water storage, or biodiversity. In this context, the EJP Soil SANCHOSTHIRST project (Cover crops (CC) ANd soil health and climAte CHaNge adaptatiOn in Semiarid woody crops. THe RemOte SensIng and furTHer scenaRIoS projecTions) aims to delve deeper into the advantages that could be provided by the use of management methods other than traditional tillage in woody crops. One of the aspects taken into account by this project is the study of microbiological activity through the analysis of enzymatic activities related to the main nutrient cycles. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained in the study of the enzymatic activities of b-glucosidase (related to the C cycle), phosphatase (related to the P cycle), urease (related to the N cycle) and arylsulfatase (related to the sulfur cycle) in four vineyard sites in Spain. In each of the sites, sampling was carried out in nearby plots, one with traditional tillage and another with cover crops, taking three sampling points in each of the plots at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm). The samples taken were kept refrigerated until the analysis was carried out and the indicated enzymatic activities were determined following the ISO 20130 standard in the fraction < 2 mm. In all the cases studied, the enzymatic activities were higher in the samples from the plots with cover crops, especially at the depth of 0-10 cm. The coefficient of variation of the analyzed enzymatic activities was lower in traditional tillage soils, which could indicate that in soils under this type of management the microbial population is affected by reducing its activity and diversity, while on the contrary, in soils under cover crops the higher coefficient of variation would indicate a greater variability in the enzymatic activity and possibly a greater biodiversity.